Technology+Terminology

Technology Terminology maintained by 2010 ITGS students.....

Hardware~ Networking ~ Software



Unicode—Coding scheme that supports 65,000 unique characters.
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facsimile (fax) machine—Technology that allows images of paper documents to be transmitted through telephone lines to a destination where they can be printed or displayed on a computer screen.
==== fax modem—Allows a computer to send on-screen documents to a receiving fax machine by translating the document into signals that can be sent over phone wires and decoded by the receiving fax machine. ====

mouse—A pointing device used to send commands and position the cursor.
==== multifunction printer (MFP)—Device that usually combines a scanner, a laser or inkjet printer, and a fax modem. Such a device can serve as a printer, a scanner, a color photocopy machine, and a fax machine. ====

video projectors—Projectors that can project computer screen images for meetings and classes.
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platform-combination of hardware and operating system software which application software is built pop up menus- windows that pops up on screens at anytime public domain software-free for the taking commercial programs root directory- the main folder on C drive safe mode- shareware-free for the trying with a send payment if you keep honor system shell-the command line interface software license-buying a typical software package software privacy- unathourized cpoying and selling of software system software- class of software that includes operating stystem and utililty programs and handles hundreds of other tasks
 * analog signal-**a continuous wave similiar to the sound waves that make up our phone conversations
 * asynchronous communication-** the poster and the reader do not have to be logged in at the same time
 * attatchment**-files included in messages
 * avatar-**graphical "bodies" that might look like simple cartoon sketches,elaborate 3-D figures,or exotic abstract icons
 * bandwidth-**refers to the quantity of data that can be transmitted through a communication medium in a given amount of time
 * bits per second(bps)-** measurement that transmission speeds that modems can differ
 * inblog**-(short for weB LOG) is an online journal(often including pictures and other media) that's udpated frequently and posted on public(or semi-public) Website
 * blogger**-person that writes blogs
 * Bluetooth-**type of wireless technology
 * bounce-**come back with some kind of undeliverable message
 * broadband connection-**a connection with much greater bandwidth than modems have
 * cable modem-** many cable TV companies offer high-speed Internet connections through these
 * router-** hardware devices or software programs that route messages as they travel between networks.
 * satellite internet cinnections-** availabe through many of the satellite dishes that provide television channels to viewers.
 * site license-** reduce the cost for multiple copies or remove restrictions on software copying and use ar a network site.
 * social networking-** combin many of these tools with other services to make it easy for members or connect with friends, meet people with common intersts, and create online communities.
 * spam-** junk mail that is sent throughout worldwide.
 * TCP/IP-** famous protocol for computing networking
 * telecommuinication**- the technology of long distance communication.
 * terminal emulation software-** enables a computer to function as a character based "dumb" terminal- a simple input/output device for sending messages to and recieving messages from the host computer.
 * text messaging-** a popular form of communication in mobile phones
 * upload-** copy to the sever
 * modem-** a hardware device that connects a computer to a telephone line
 * narrowband connection-** modem connections are usually called narroband connection because they don't offer much bandwidth when compared to other types of connections.
 * netiquette-** acceptable behavior rules and guidelines
 * network license-** reduces costs for multiple copies or remove restrictions on software copying and use a network site.
 * network operating system (NOS)-** shields the user from the hardware and software details of routine communication between machines.
 * newsgroup-** a public discussion on a particular subject.
 * peer to peer (P2P) computing-** file sharing
 * peer to peer model (P2P)-** enables every computer on the network to be both client and server.
 * phishing-** websites intended to capture credit card numbers and other sensitive financial information.
 * protocol-** rules for the exchange of data between devices.
 * real time communication-** instant messaging
 * video teleconference**-Enables two or more people to communicate face-to-face over long distances by combining video and computer technology.
 * voice mail**-A voice messaging system with many of the features of an email system.
 * VPN( virtual private network)-**An electronic "tunnel" through the Internet that uses encryption and other security measures to keep out unauthorized users and prevent eavesdropping.
 * webmail-**Designed to be accessed primarily through Web browers rather than email clients.
 * webb forum-**Functionally similar to a newsgroup, but its built on Web application and accessed through a eb browser.
 * WAN (wide area network)-**Is a network of LANs that extends over a long distance.
 * Wi-Fi**-Wireless LAN technology, it uses radio waves to lilnk computers to a LAN through a nearby wireless access point (WAP)**WiMAX-** A radio-based wireless standard. Connects wi-fi networks.
 * wireless access point (WAP**)-It serves as a central connection point for wireless computers.
 * wireless network-**Has a tiny radio transmitter so it can send and recieve data through air rather than cables**.**
 * Chat Room**- A public or private virtual conference room where people with similar interests or motivations can type messages to each other and receive near-instant responses
 * Clients**- All the remaining computers under hierarchical models
 * Client Server-** **Model-** a Hierarchical model in which one or more computers act as dedicated servers
 * Cloud Computing**- Resources coming from the "cloud"- the Internet – instead of a specific computer
 * Communication Software**- Software’s such as cables, radio waves, or a combination of modems and phone lines used to interact
 * Digital Signal**- A stream of bits
 * Dial-up Connection**- A connection using a modem and standard phone lines
 * Download-** Copying from a server
 * DSL (digital subscriber lines)-** A technology for bringing broadband connections to homes and small businesses by sharing the copper telephone lines that carry voice calls.
 * Ethernet**- A popular networking architecture developed in the 1970s at Xerox PARC: it has become an industry standard
 * FAQs (frequently asked questions)-** Questions in lists that keeps groups from being too cluttered.
 * File server--** store houses for software and data that are shared by several users.
 * Global positioning system (GPS) --** 24 satellites carefully spaced containing a computer, atomic clock, and a radio.
 * Grid Computing—** A method of sharing processor power so that computations that would take a super computer hours to complete are done in much less time.
 * Host system—** the computer that provides service to multiple users.
 * Hotspot—** a nearby wireless access point that links computers to a LAN.
 * Instant messaging (IM) --** An instantanious way to send data and information via the internet.
 * Internet telephony (VoIP) –** A way of making calls on the internet as opposed to a phone service.
 * Intranet—** A system built arount the open standards and protocols to the internet.
 * Local area network (LAN) –** A network in witch the computers are physically close to each other, useually in the same building.
 * Mailing lists—** Enable you to participate in e-mail disscussion groups on special-intrest topics.
 * Massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG)—** Online games that can support hundreds of thousands of players taking on roles in virtual worlds.

top  file management utility-lets you view,rename,copy,move and delete files and folders force quit-makes the program end formatting-putting electronic makrs on a disk, dividing the disk into a series of concentric tracks, and dividing the tracks into a collection of sectors. fragmented file-file allocated to noncontigious clusters. graphical user interface-interface called GUI pronounced "gooey" hierarchical menus-organize frequently needed commands into compact, effecient submenus, and pop-up menus can appear anywhere on the screen. high-level language-precise machine launguage that make it possible for scientists, engineers, and business people to solve problems using familiar terminology and notation rather than cryptic machine instructions intellectual property-includes the results of intellectual activities in the arts, sciences, and industry Java-a platform neutral computer language developed by Sun Microsytems for use on multiplatform networks Linux-commecial operating system work in progress (many people can work on it) machine language-uses numeric codes to represent the most basic computer operations Agents- Intelligent applicators that decipher ambigous commands and correct common errors as they happen Algorithm- a set of step-by-step procedures for accomplishing a task Autosave- Saves files automactically every few minutes Booting- Where part of your operating system is stored. (happens when the computer is turned on) Bug- Errors Character based-interfaces: A user interface based on characteristics rather than graphics Clean Install- To wipe your hard disk clean Command line interface- The user commands, the computer responds Compalibility-capable of being run on another computer without change Compiler- Translator program taskbar-provides one click access to open applications, making it easier to switch back and forth ammond different tasks. trademark-has protected symbols, pictures, sounds, colors, and smells used by a business to identify goods. UNIX- enables a timesharing computer to communicate with several other computers or terminals at one time. update- contain bug fixes and minor enhancements. upgrade- significant new feautures or improvements. user interface- it is a critically important component of almost every piece of software. utility program- serve as tools for doing system maintenance and repairs that aren't automatically handeled by the operating system. vertical market applications- applicaations designed specifically for a particular business or industry. virtual memory- the number of memory address is much larger than the ammount of physical memory available. virtual reality VR- will create the illusion that the user is immersed in a world inside the computer.

**Buttons **- hot spots that respond to mouse clicks **Color-Depth **- is one of two technological factors limiting an artist’s ability to create realistic on screen images with a bitmapped graphics program **Compression **- software and hardware squeeze data out of movies so they can be stored in smaller spaces, often with a slight loss of image quality, though formats such as MPEG-4 and Windows Media Video 9 lessen this problem **Compression aided design **- the use of computer to design products. **Compression aided Manufacturing (CAM)- ** The number are fed to this program which controls the manufacturing or prototyping of products **Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)- ** A major step toward fully automated factory **Digital Video **- video output based on digital rather than analogue signals MIDI- a standard interface used to send commands between computers and musical instruments. Mixing- involves combining multiple tracks, adding audio effects, and balancing volumes and audio placement for the best possible recording. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">MP3- popular compression technology, MPEG-1 audio layer 3 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">multimedia- using some combination of text, graphics, animation, video, music, voice, and sound effects to communicate. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Multimedia authoring software- is used to create and edit multimedia documents. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Object oriented graphics- because pictures are collections of lines, shapes, and other objects, this approach is also called vector graphics. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Painting software- enables you to paint pixels on the screen with a pointing device. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Palette-painting program that has tools on the screen ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">PDF (portable document format)- enables digital documents to be exchanged between programs independent of application software, hardware, or opening system ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Pixels- tiny dots of white, black or color arranged in rows on the computer screen ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Podcasts- radio style programs that can be downloaded on demand or automatically by subscription ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Presentation-graphic software- helps automate the creation of visual aids for lectures, training sessions, sales demonstrations, and other presentations ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Public domain-associating a creative commons license with your work to the public ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Resolution-the density of the pixels ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Sample- A digital sound file. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Sequencing software- Turns a computer into a musical composing, recording, and editing machine. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Synthesized- Digitally recorded <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Tele- Immersion- uses multiple cameras and high-speed networks to create an environment in which multiple remote users interact with each other and with computer-generated objects. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Vector graphics- a picture made of a collection of lines, shapes, and other objects. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Video- editing software- makes it easier to eliminate extraneous footage, combine clips from multiple takes into coherent scenes, splice together scenes, insert visual transitions, superimpose titles, synchronize a soundtrack, and create special effects. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Virtual Reality- combines virtual words with networking, placing multiple participants in a virtual space.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">3DModeling software-graphic designers can create 3D objects with tools similar to those found in conventional software

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">animation-is the rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D artwork or model positions in order to create an illusion of movement.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">audio digitizer-can record just about any sound as a sample

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">augmented reality(AR)-the use of computer displays that that add virtual information to a person's sensory perceptions

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">bit depth-number of bits devoted to each pixel

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">bitmapped graphics-painting programs

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">bullet charts-a list of bullet points

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">**Drawing Software**- stores a picture not as a collecton of dots, but as a collection of lines and shapes.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Frame **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">- One still picture in an animation
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Grey Scale graphics **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">- allows each pixel to show up as black, white, or one of several shades of grey
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">hypermedia **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">- combines text, numbers, graphics, animation, sound effects, music, and other media, sometimes synonymous with interactive multimedia
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Hypertext **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">- allows textual evedence to be linked in nonsequential ways.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Image Processing Software **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">- enables the photographer to manipulate digital photos and other high-resolution images with tools similar to those found in paint programs.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Interactive Multimedia **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">- allows the viewer/listener to take an active part in the experience.